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Download the Key Concepts for Providers Poster (PDF)
Early initiation of nPEP is essential
Evaluate persons rapidly for nPEP when care is sought ≤72 hours after a potential exposure—the first dose needs to be given ASAP.
Test for HIV before starting nPEP
- Perform HIV antigen/antibody combination testing for all exposed persons at baseline.
- nPEP should be started immediately, even if laboratory-based testing is utilized and result is pending.
- For exposed persons with positive (reactive) HIV testing results at baseline, immediately initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) and link to HIV care.
Start treatment immediately
Prescribe a 28-day course of a 3-drug antiretroviral regimen and give the first dose on site ASAP after the exposure (see the nPEP Prescriber’s Quick Guide).
Emphasize adherence
Adherence to daily nPEP medications for 28 days is essential.
nPEP is generally well tolerated
Severe adverse effects from nPEP are rare but review possible side effects and ask the patient to call if they experience any of them.
Schedule follow-up
Follow-up is important for additional counseling and monitoring. Schedule appointments at the first visit.
References and Resources
- Tanner MR, O’Shea JG, Byrd KM, et al. Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV — CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025. MMWR Recomm Rep 2025;74(No. RR-1):1–56. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.rr7401a1.
- National AETC Support Center (NASC). Medication Assistance Programs for HIV prevention and treatment.
- HIV Care Tools: The AETC Program App with nPEP Quick Guide, and nPEP medication assistance program information.
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